Back يهود ليتوانيا Arabic Litva yəhudiləri Azerbaijani Litvakā BAT-SMG Літвакі Byelorussian Літвакі BE-X-OLD Litvaks Catalan Litevští Židé Czech Litoviaj judoj Esperanto Litvaks French ליטאים (זרם) HE
        .jpg)       Prominent Litvak Rabbis | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
 Lithuania | 2,800[1] |
| Languages | |
| Religion | |
| Judaism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Other Ashkenazi Jews Belarusian Jews, Russian Jews, Latvian Jews, Ukrainian Jews, Estonian Jews, Polish Jews | |
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Litvaks (Yiddish: ליטװאַקעס) or Lita'im (Hebrew: לִיטָאִים) are Jews with roots in the territory of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania (covering present-day Lithuania, Belarus, Latvia, the northeastern Suwałki and Białystok regions of Poland, as well as adjacent areas of modern-day Russia and Ukraine). Over 90% of the population was killed during the Holocaust.[2][3][4][5] The term is sometimes used to cover all Haredi Jews who follow an Ashkenazi, non-Hasidic style of life and learning, whatever their ethnic background.[6] The area where Litvaks lived is referred to in Yiddish as ליטע Lite, hence the Hebrew term Lita'im (לִיטָאִים).[7]
No other Jew is more closely linked to a specifically Lithuanian city than the Vilna Gaon (in Yiddish, "the genius of Vilna"), Rabbi Elijah ben Solomon Zalman (1720–1797). He helped make Vilna (modern-day Vilnius) a world center for Talmudic learning.[8] Chaim Grade (1910–1982) was born in Vilna, the city about which he would write.[9]
The inter-war Republic of Lithuania was home to a large and influential Jewish community whose members either fled the country or were murdered when the Holocaust in Lithuania began in 1941. Prior to World War II, the Lithuanian Jewish population comprised some 160,000 people, or about 7% of the total population.[10] There were over 110 synagogues and 10 yeshivas in Vilnius alone.[11] Census figures from 2005 recorded 4,007 Jews in Lithuania – 0.12 percent of the country's total population.[12]
Vilna (Vilnius) was occupied by Nazi Germany in June 1941. Within a matter of months, this famous Jewish community had been devastated with over two-thirds of its population killed.[13]
Based on data by Institute of Jewish Policy Research, as of 1 January 2016, the core Jewish population of Lithuania is estimated to be 2,700 (0.09% of the wider population), and the enlarged Jewish population was estimated at 6,500 (0.23% of the wider population). The Lithuanian Jewish population is concentrated in the capital, Vilnius, with smaller population centres including Klaipėda and Kaunas.[14]
- ^ "Rodiklių duomenų bazė". Db1.stat.gov.lt. Archived from the original on 2013-10-14. Retrieved 2013-04-16.
- ^ "Lithuania". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved October 26, 2024.
- ^ "The Holocaust in Lithuania". Facing History and Ourselves. 13 May 2016. Retrieved October 26, 2024.
- ^ The Final Solution: Origins and Implementation. Routledge. pp. 161–162. ISBN 978-0-415-15232-7.
- ^ Porat, Dina (2002). The Holocaust in Lithuania: Some Unique Aspects. Stanford University Press. p. 161.
- ^ "The Jewish Community of Lithuania". European Jewish Congress. Archived from the original on 2014-11-06. Retrieved 2014-11-06.
- ^ Shapiro, Nathan. "The Migration of Lithuanian Jews to the United States, 1880 – 1918, and the Decisions Involved in the Process, Exemplified by Five Individual Migration Stories" (PDF). Retrieved 7 December 2013.
- ^ https://www.j2adventures.com/resources/lithuania-heroes/.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ https://www.yiddishbookcenter.org/discover/yiddish-literature/focus-chaim-grade.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ "Lithuania". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 2016-04-19.
- ^ "Vilnius – Jerusalem of Lithuania". litvakai.mch.mii.lt. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
- ^ Lithuanian population by ethnicity Archived 2009-06-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Lithuania".
- ^ Congress, World Jewish. "World Jewish Congress". World Jewish Congress. Retrieved 2024-11-14.